PENGARUH PUPUK ORGANIK CAIR Azolla pinnata TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN BIBIT KOPI ROBUSTA (Coffea canephora)

Abstract

ABSTRAKKopi merupakan komoditas yang menjanjikan. Kopi Indonesia menempati peringkat keempat terbesar di dunia setelah Brazil, Vietnam dan Kolombia dengan total produksi tahun 2021 sebesar 786.19 ribu ton. Kepemilikan perkebunan kopi di Indonesia didominasi oleh perkebunan rakyat (PR) dengan porsi 96% dari total areal produksi. Banyak petani kopi yang belum menerapkan sistem budidaya kopi  sesuai anjuran. Penggunaan bibit bermutu merupakan metode yang menentukan keberhasilan budidaya kopi. Perbaikan sifat fisik, kimia dan biologi tanah yang menunjang pertumbuhan bibit tanaman dapat dilakukan dengan pemberian pupuk organik cair(POC).  Azolla pinata memiliki kandungan unsur hara 1,96-5,30% N; 0,16-1,59% P; 2-4.5% K; 0,16-3,35% Si; 0,31-5,97% Ca;0,04-0,59% Fe; 0,22-0,66% Mg; 26-989 ppm Zn; dan 66-2.944 ppm Mn. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui pengaruh POC A. pinnata terhadap pertumbuhan bibit kopi robusta dan mendapatkan konsentrasi terbaik POC Azolla yang menunjang pertumbuhan bibit kopi robusta. Percobaan disusun menurut Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan 5 perlakuan POC A. pinnata 0, 100, 125, 150, dan 175 ml/l air, yang diulang 4 kali. Data dianalisis dengan uji F pada taraf 5% dan jika data berpengaruh nyata dilanjutkan dengan Duncan’s New Multiple Range Test (DMRT) pada taraf 5%. Peubah yang diamati adalah tinggi tanaman, diameter batang, jumlah daun, panjang daun, lebar daun dan rasio tajuk akar. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa POC Azolla pinnata memberikan pengaruh terhadap pertumbuhan bibit kopi robusta pada variabel panjang bibit, jumlah daun dan panjang daun. Perlakuan POC  A. pinnata 100 ml/l tidak berbeda dengan konsentrasi POC yang lainnya dalam parameter jumlah daun bibit kopi robusta.  ABSTRACTCoffee is a promising commodity. Indonesian coffee is ranked fourth in the world after Brazil, Vietnam and Colombia with a total production of 786.19 thousand tons in 2021. The composition of coffee plantation ownership in Indonesia is dominated by smallholder plantations (PR) with a share of 96% of the total area in Indonesia. Many coffee farmers have not implemented the recommended coffee cultivation system. The use of quality seedling is one of the first steps that determines success in coffee cultivation. Improvements to the physical, chemical and biological properties of the soil which support the growth of plant seeds can be carried out by applying liquid organic fertilizer (LOF). Azolla pinata has a nutrient content of 1.96-5.30% N; 0.16-1.59% P; 2-4.5%K; 0.16-3.35% Si; 0.31-5.97% Ca;0.04-0.59% Fe; 0.22-0.66% Mg; 26-989 ppm Zn; and 66-2,944 ppm Mn. This study aims to determine the effect of A. pinnata LOF on the growth of robusta coffee seedlings and to obtain the best concentration of Azolla LOF that supports the growth of robusta coffee seedlings. The experiment was arranged according to a completely randomized design (CRD) with 5 treatments POC A. pinnata 0, 100, 125, 150, and 175 ml/l water, which was repeated 4 times. The observed data were analyzed using the F test at the 5% level and if the data were significantly different, it was continued with Duncan's New Multiple Range Test (DMRT) at the 5% level. The observed variables were plant height, stem diameter, number of leaves, leaf length, leaf width and root shoot ratio. The results showed that LOF Azolla pinnata had an influence on the growth of robusta coffee seedlings on the variables of seedling length, number of leaves and leaf length. The LOF treatment of A. pinnata with a concentration of 100 ml/l did not differ from other LOF concentrations in the parameter of the number of leaves of robusta coffee seedlings.