KAJIAN FENOLOGI BUNGA DUA JENIS TANAMAN KELAPA SAWIT (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) DI SOLOK SELATAN

Abstract

ABSTRAKDalam rangka perakitan varietas unggul, maka sangat diperlukan kajian tentang fenologi pembungaan. Informasi mengenai fenologi pembungaan tanaman kelapa sawit (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) belum banyak tersedia. Oleh karena itu perlu dilakukan penelitian tentang fenologi bunga kelapa sawit. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada dua jenis kelapa sawit yaitu varietas D×P Socfindo dan Marihat Klon. Penelitian dilaksanakan di kebun milik PT. Tidar Kerinci Agung, Kabupaten Solok Selatan selama bulan September sampai dengan Desember 2021. Penelitian berupa survei dengan pengambilan sampel secara purposive sampling dan data disajikan secara deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa fenologi pembungaan kelapa sawit varietas D×P Socfindo dan Marihat Klon berbeda satu sama lain. Total waktu pembungaan yang dibutuhkan kelapa sawit varietas D×P Socfindo bunga jantan adalah 67 hari dan bunga betina 64 hari. Pada kelapa sawit Marihat Klon total waktu pembungaan bunga jantan adalah 77 hari dan bunga betina 79 hari. Ditemukan bunga abnormal dan hermaprodit pada kelapa sawit Marihat Klon yang merupakan kelapa sawit hasil perbanyakan dari kultur jaringan. ABSTRACTIn order to develop superior varieties, it is very necessary to study flowering phenology. Information regarding the flowering phenology of oil palm plants (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) is not yet widely available. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct research on the phenology of oil palm flowers. The research was carried out on two types of oil palm, namely the D×P Socfindo and Marihat Klon varieties. The research was carried out in a plantation owned by PT. Tidar Kerinci Agung, South Solok Regency during September to December 2021. The research took the form of a survey with purposive sampling and data presented descriptively. The results showed that the flowering phenology of oil palm varieties D×P Socfindo and Marihat Klon were different from each other. The total flowering time required for oil palm varieties D×P Socfindo for male flowers is 67 days and female flowers 64 days. In Marihat Klon oil palm, the total flowering time for male flowers is 77 days and for female flowers 79 days. Abnormal and hermaphroditic flowers were found on the Marihat Klon oil palm, which is an oil palm resulting from propagation from tissue culture.