Climate Change: Reviewing Indonesia's Compliance with the Paris Agreement on Commitments to Reduce Emissions
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31328/wy.v6i3.5108Keywords:
Paris Agreement, Climate Change, Indonesia's ComplianceAbstract
Climate change is a threat to current and future generations. The main cause of climate change is the use of fossil fuels such as coal, oil and gas. Amidst the international community's concerns about climate change, the use of fossil fuels has increased, including in Indonesia. This research aims to analyse Indonesia's compliance with the 2015 Paris Agreement. Indonesia as a country that binds itself to the Paris Agreement has a commitment to reduce emissions in an effort to mitigate climate change. This research analysed using regime compliance theory. The research method used is juridical-normative. The results showed that Indonesia complies with the Paris Agreement regime because it fulfils three indicators in the regime compliance theory, namely output, outcome, and impact.References
Al-Habaibeh, Amin, 2018, How the Legacy of Dirty Coal Could Create a Clean Energy Future. https://theconversation.com/how-the-legacy-of-dirty-coal-could-create-a-clean-energy-future-88969, Accessed 11 October 2023
Alfiani, Putri Lia, “Efektivitas Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species in Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) di Indonesia Studi Kasus : Penanganan Perdagangan Gading dan Produknya di Nusa Tenggara Timurâ€, Journal of International Relations, Vol. 6, No. 1, 2020.
Allifah, Siti dkk., “Dampak Tenaga Air dan Bahan Bakar Fosil terhadap Implementasi Ekonomi Hijau di Indonesiaâ€, Jurnal Sumber Daya Alam dan Lingkungan, Vol. 9, No.3, 2022.
Bram, Deni. Hukum Perubahan Iklim Perspektif Global dan Nasional, Setara Press, Malang, 2016.
Covert, Thomas, “Will We Ever Stop Using Fossil Fuels?â€, Journal of Economic Perspectives, Vol. 30, No.1, 2016.
Economic Research Institute for ASEAN and East Asia (ERIA), (2021), Promotion of Electromobility in ASEAN: States, Carmakers, and International Production Networks, Jakarta: ERIA Research Project Report 2021.
G.S, Malhi dkk, “Impact of Climate Change on Agriculture and Its Mitigation Strategies: A Reviewâ€, Sustainability Journal, Vol. 13, No. 3, January 2021.
General Assembly Resolution 1803 (XVII) of 1962, Permanent Sovereignty over Natural Resources.
Guzman, Andrew T, “The Design of International Agreementsâ€, The European Journal of International Law, Vol. 16, No. 4, 2005.
Heltberg, Rasmus, “Property Rights and Natural Resource Management in Developing Countriesâ€, Journal of Economic Surveys, Vol. 16, No. 2, 2002.
Institute for Essential Services Reform, (2021), Indonesia Energy Transition Outlook 2022: Tracking Progress of Energy Transition in Indonesia: Aiming for Net-Zero Emissions by 2050, Jakarta: Institute for Essential Services Reform.
Institute for Essential Services Reform, (2022), Indonesia Energy Transition Outlook 2023: Tracking Progress of Energy Transition in Indonesia: Pursuing Energy Security in the Time of Transition, Jakarta: Institute for Essential Services Reform.
Kementerian Energi dan Sumber Daya Mineral Republik Indonesia, 2021, Pemerintah Optimistis EBT 23% Tahun 2025 Tercapai, https://www.esdm.go.id/id/berita-unit/direktorat-jenderal-ketenagalistrikan/pemerintah-optimistis-ebt-23-tahun-2025-tercapai, Accessed 21 October 2023.
Kementerian Lingkungan Hidup dan Kehutanan, 2022, Kerjasama Baru Indonesia–Norwegia Pada Pengurangan Emisi GRK Sektor Kehutanan dan Penggunaan Lahan Lainnya, https://ppid.menlhk.go.id/berita/siaran-pers/6819/kerjasama-baru-indonesia-norwegia-pada-pengurangan-emisi-grk-sektor-kehutanan-dan-penggunaan-lahan-lainnya, Accessed 17 October 2023.
Mitchell, Ronald B. (2008), Compliance Theory: Compliance, Effectiveness, and Behaviour Change in International Environmental Law: The Oxford Hanbook of International Environmental Law, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Mitchell, Ronald B., (2007), Compliance, Effectiveness, and Behaviour Change in International Environmental Law: The Ofxord Handbook of International Environmental Law, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Mursalim, Muliana & Susanto, Agung. “Ambivalence of Renewable Energy: Electric Vehicles for Reducing Carbon Emissions and Its Impact on Environmental Damage in Indonesiaâ€, Jurnal Justisia Vol.7, No.2, 2022.
Natural Resources Development Center. (2013), Modul: Kebijakan Nasional Perubahan Iklim. Jakarta: The Nature Conservancy Indonesia.
Novita, Risqa, â€Dampak perubahan iklim terhadap timbulnya penyakit tular nyamuk terutama Limfatik Filariasisâ€, Journal of Health Epidemology and Communicable Deseases, Vol. 5, No. 1, June 2019.
Paris Agreement of 2015.
Portal Informasi Indonesia, 2022, Dukungan Pembiayaan Ekonomi Hijau, https://indonesia.go.id/kategori/editorial/5608/dukungan-pembiayaan-ekonomi-hijau?lang=1, Accessed 19 October 2023.
Pristiandaru, Danur Lambang, 2023, Berkembang Pesat, Pengguna Motor Listrik Meningkat 15 Kali Lipat dalam 2 Tahun, https://lestari.kompas.com/read/2023/09/13/120000086/berkembang-pesat-pengguna-motor-listrik-meningkat-15-kali-lipat-dalam-2?page=all, Accessed 17 October 2023.
Pusat Bahasa Departemen Pendidikan Nasional, (2008), Kamus Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Pusat Bahasa Departemen Pendidikan Nasional.
Putusan MK Nomor 001/PUU-I/2003.
Rantanen, Mika dkk, “The Arctic has Warmed Nearly Four Times Faster than the Globe since 1979â€, Communications Earth & Environment, Vol. 3, No. 168, 2022.
Schrijver, Nico, (2008), Sovereignty Over Natural Recources: Balancing Rights and Duties, New York: Cambridge University Press.
Sembiring, Julius, “Hak Menguasai Negara atas Sumber Daya Agrariaâ€, Jurnal Bhumi, Vol. 2, No. 2, November 2016,
Setiawan, Verda Nano, 2023, Top! Produksi Batu Bara RI Pecah Rekor Tembus 687 Juta Ton, https://www.cnbcindonesia.com/news/20230130111233-4-409225/top-produksi-batu-bara-ri-pecah-rekor-tembus-687-juta-ton. Accessed 15 October 2023.
Setiawan, Wahyu Eka, dkk., (2022), Melihat Ulang Dampak PLTU di Tiga Wilayah: PLTU Paiton, PLTU Pacitan, dan PLTU Cilacap, Penerbit Walhi Jawa Tengah Walhi Jawa Timur Walhi Yogyakarta.
Surtani, “Efek Rumah Kaca dalam Perspektif Global (Pemanasan Global akibat Efek Rumah Kaca)â€, Journal PPSDM MIGAS, Vol. 4, No. 1, 2015.
Suwatno, Davira Syifa Rifdah, “Ratifikasi terhadap Traktat Persetujuan Paris (Paris Agreement) sebagai Wujud Implementasi Komitmen Indonesia dalam Upaya Mitigasi dan Adaptasi Perubahan Iklimâ€, Jurnal Pendidikan Kewarganegaraan Undiksha, Vol. 10, No. 2, 2022.
Syofiadi, Rifky, 2022, Produksi Energi Bersih, PLN Group Manfaatkan Co-firing Biomassa Gantikan Batu Bara, https://web.pln.co.id/media/siaran-pers/2022/12/produksi-energi-bersih-pln-group-manfaatkan-co-firing-biomassa-gantikan-batu-bara, Accessed 25 October 2023.
Tampubolon, Frances Roi Seston, dkk., “Penggunaan Bahan Bakar Alternatif dalam Pengelolaan Tambang Batubara sebagai Sumber Energi yang Ramah terhadap Lingkunganâ€, Jurnal Ilmu Lingkungan Vol.19, No.1, 2021.
The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), (2007), Climate Change 2007: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Undang-Undang Nomor 5 Tahun 1960 tentang Peraturan Dasar Pokok-Pokok Agraria.
Undang-Undang Dasar Negara Republik Indonesia tahun 1945.
Undang-Undang Nomor 16 Tahun 2016 tentang Pengesahan Paris Agreement To The United Nations Framework Convention On Climate Change (Persetujuan Paris Atas Konvensi Kerangka Kerja Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa mengenai Perubahan Iklim).
Utami, Silmi Nurul, 2022, Mengapa Penggunaan Bahan Bakar Fosil Menyebabkan Pemanasan Global?, https://www.kompas.com/skola/read/2022/05/17/101712769/mengapa-penggunaan-bahan-bakar-fosil-menyebabkan-pemanasan-global, Accessed 10 October 2023.
Vienna Convention of the Law of Treaties of 1969.
Weiskopf, Sarah R. dkk., “Climate change effects on biodiversity, ecosystems, ecosystem services, and natural resource management in the United Statesâ€, Science of the Total Environment, Vol. 733, September 2020
Widagdo, Setyo, “Pengesahan Perjanjian Internasional dalam Perspektif Hukum Nasional†Indonesia, Arena Hukum, Vol. 12, No. 6, April 2019.
Wisnubroto, Kristantyo, 2023, Upaya Indonesia Mengurangi Pemanasan Global dengan Suplai Biomassa, https://indonesia.go.id/kategori/editorial/6949/upaya-indonesia-mengurangi-pemanasan-global-dengan-suplai-biomassa?lang=1, Accessed 25 October 2023.
Zuhir, Mada Apriandi, dkk., “Indonesia Pasca Ratifikasi Perjanjian Paris 2015: Antara Komitmen Dan Realitasâ€, Bina Hukum Ligkungan, Vol. 1, No. 2, April 2017.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
AttributionYou must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.
ShareAlike If you remix, transform, or build upon the material, you must distribute your contributions under the same license as the original.
Widya Yuridika: Jurnal Hukum allows readers to read, download, copy, distribute, print, search, or link to its articles' full texts and allows readers to use them for any other lawful purpose. The journal allows the author(s) to hold the copyright without restrictions. Finally, the journal allows the author(s) to retain publishing rights without restrictions
- Authors are allowed to archive their submitted article in an open access repository
- Authors are allowed to archive the final published article in an open access repository with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal
========================================
Editor-in-Chief
Widya Yuridika: Journal of Law.
Faculty of Law, Universitas Widya Gama, Malang, Indonesia.
